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The medicinal agent clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. The agent is mainly used to treat bacterial respiratory infections.

What is Biaxin?

The medicinal substance clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. The agent is mainly used to treat bacterial respiratory infections.

Biaxin belongs to the group of active ingredients in macrolide antibiotics. It inhibits translocation and disrupts the protein synthesis of bacteria, which gives it its bacteriostatic activity. A typical feature of macrolides is that they have an intracellular effect and are broad spectrum antibiotics.

Clarithromycin was developed in the 1970s by the Japanese company Taisho Pharmaceutical. The antibiotic erythromycin served as a model for the preparation. In 1980, the drug was finally patented. However, it was not until 1991 that it was marketed in Japan that same year, the product was also launched in the United States. Subsequently, approval followed around the world. Patent protection for Biaxin ended in Europe in 2004. After that, many generics with the antibiotic macrolide were released.

Pharmacological effects

Clarithromycin has the property of slowing the growth of bacteria. To this end, the active ingredient enters the bacterial cells. There he makes sure that germs can no longer produce protein. This inhibition of bacterial growth ultimately forces the human defense system to suppress the infection caused by the bacteria.

Unlike erythromycin, Biaxin can work against even more bacteria. It acts against the strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria breathing in air (aerobic) and non-breathing (anaerobic). The antibiotic is also stable against stomach acid and therefore cannot break down in the stomach. Because it is also more compatible with fabrics, it is possible to reach destinations more efficiently. For this reason, clarithromycin achieves a better effect than erythromycin at the same dosage, despite its lower bactericidal properties.

Biaxin is absorbed into the human intestine after a short time. From there, the macrolide antibiotic enters the blood. The drug is partially metabolized in the liver.

Clarithromycin is eliminated from the body approximately four hours after ingestion. The antibiotic leaves the body 75% through the stool and 25% through the urine.

Medical application and use

Biaxin is used against infections by bacteria sensitive to macrolide antibiotics. The remedy for respiratory infections such as bronchitis or pneumonia, inflammation of the sinuses, sore throat, tonsillitis, wound infections, rose sores and inflammation of the hair follicle can be administered.

The other indications are abscesses, lichen pus (impetigo) and gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. The agent is used with metronidazole, amoxicillin or omeprazole.

In addition, clarithromycin is used when more effective antibiotics cannot be administered, for example because the patient is intolerant to them. This also applies to the resistance of the pathogen to the other antibiotic. This is usually the case for moderately severe skin infections or tonsillitis caused by streptococci.

Biaxin is usually given as tablets. If necessary, the antibiotic can also be administered as an infusion or injection if the patient has difficulty swallowing. Alternatively, clarithromycin can also be taken in the form of juice or granules. There are also prolonged-release tablets, the use of which releases the active ingredient more slowly. The patient only needs to take the medicine once a day.

The duration of treatment with Biaxin is usually 6 to 14 days, depending on the extent of the disease. The recommended dose is 250 milligrams of clarithromycin twice a day. If necessary, however, the dose can be increased twice by the doctor. If symptoms improve, Biaxin should always be taken until the end of the prescribed treatment to prevent possible relapses.

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Risks and side effects

Some patients may experience unpleasant side effects while taking clarithromycin. This mainly includes temporary discoloration of the tongue, disturbed sense of smell, disturbed taste, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal disturbances such as stomach pressure, bloating or abdominal pain, headache and fungal infections in the mouth.

Occasional side effects include temporary hearing loss, tinnitus, hives, itching, rash, swelling of the joints, swelling of the face, impaired liver function, jaundice (jaundice) , bile congestion and seizures.

Clarithromycin should not be used if the patient is hypersensitive to the active substance or to other macrolide antibiotics. It is also forbidden to take the product in case of low potassium level. Otherwise, there is a risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias. The same goes for a slow regression of the heart.

Even during pregnancy, Biaxin can only be taken with the permission of the doctor. Because the safety of the antibiotic during pregnancy has not yet been confirmed. During breastfeeding, the product can pass into breast milk and therefore into the baby's body, which can sometimes lead to diarrhea or inflammation of the intestines.

The simultaneous use of other macrolide antibiotics and clarithromycin leads to the fact that the active substance is inhibited in its activity. In addition, bacteria often no longer respond to antibiotics taken and become resistant to Biaxin.