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Article about Ampicillin
The active ingredient ampicillin is an antibiotic from the large group of penicillins. Due to its broad spectrum of action, ampicillin is successfully used against a variety of bacterial infections.
What is ampicillin?
The active ingredient ampicillin is an antibiotic from the large group of penicillins. Due to its broad spectrum of activity, ampicillin is successfully used against a variety of bacterial infections.Ampicillin is a bacteria-inhibiting drug and belongs to the semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics. It is effective against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Many Gram-negative pathogens also respond well to the active ingredient.
Since ampicillin can be used against a wide range of different pathogens, it is one of the so-called broad spectrum antibiotics. Ampicillin is particularly effective against infections by pathogens in Gram negative sticks because they have a natural resistance to conventional penicillins.
Chemically, the active ingredient belongs to amino penicillins. Ampicillin is acid stable and crosses the gastrointestinal tract without being injured by stomach acid. Therefore, this antibiotic is usually taken in tablet form.
Pharmacological effects
Bacteria multiply like cells in the body through continuous cell division. If the cells are in the division phase, new cell walls must be formed continuously. Medicinal ampicillin is involved in this process. In its chemical structure, the active substance has structures that inhibit the structure of the cell wall of bacteria - the so-called beta-lactams.
Bacteria contain a certain enzyme that is significantly involved in the synthesis - that is, in the construction - of new cell walls. The beta-lactams contained in the drug dock on this enzyme thus block its receptors. Now the enzyme is permanently and irreversibly deactivated. Bacteria are unable to build intact cell walls and can no longer divide.
The active ingredient ampicillin does not kill bacteria, but prevents cell division and therefore also their multiplication. The human immune system is now able to kill the pathogen that is no longer able to divide and eliminate it via metabolism. Taken in tablet form, 30 to 60% of the amino penicillin is absorbed through the intestinal mucosa and enters the bloodstream. The unabsorbed part of the active ingredient is excreted in the urine in a short time.
Medical application and use
Ampicillin is used to treat bacterial infections that do not respond to conventional antibiotics. Ampicillin therapy holds promise for a variety of acute and chronic inflammations. These include respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, ear, nose and throat (ENT), kidney, biliary and urinary tract infections.
But inflammation of the genitals and the skin as well as the eyes are also part of the areas of application. Ampicillin is also used for prophylactic, that is, preventive, treatment during surgery or dental treatment to prevent the development of germs in advance. The active ingredient ampicillin is usually given as tablets. Hospitalization is also possible via intravenous or intramuscular injections and infusions.
Ampicillin should be taken several times a day because the drug is quickly excreted by the body. This is the only way to ensure a constant level of active ingredient. The average duration of treatment is 10 days. Usually a first improvement in the general condition is noticeable only a few hours after ingestion - the symptoms of the disease also decrease significantly.
But even after the symptoms have completely disappeared, the intake should be continued for a few days to prevent the disease from recurring and to counter future resistance.
Risks and side effects
Compared to other broad-spectrum antibiotics such as amoxicillin, ampicillin is less well tolerated when taken orally. This is mainly due to the fact that a high proportion of the drug remains in the intestine and has a negative impact on the natural intestinal flora.
The intestinal flora of healthy people is made up of useful microbial pathogens that regulate and promote digestive processes. If the intestinal flora is damaged by the action of the drug, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea may occur. As with all penicillins, there is also the possibility of an allergy to ampicillin.
Skin reactions such as itching and redness are among them. Anaphylactic shock can occur very rarely, which can a. manifested by breathing difficulties and violent cardiovascular reactions. Skin changes, changes in the blood picture, inflammation of the kidneys and blood vessels or swelling in the larynx area are very rare.
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